5 mai 2005 – 5 Mai 2024, cela fait 19 ans depuis que le gouvernement haïtien a annoncé l’adoption de la peine maximale de travaux forcés à perpétuité contre les auteurs et complices des actes de kidnapping. Près de deux décennies après, le phénomène du kidnapping persiste, mettant en lumière les défis persistants auxquels est confrontée la justice haïtienne.
Depuis 2019, le kidnapping est réapparu et s’installe désormais dans le quotidien haïtien. Un rapport de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), publié en octobre 2023, fait état de 2.441 personnes kidnappées entre janvier 2022 à juin 2023. Durant les six premiers mois de l’année 2023, il y a eu environ 300 cas confirmés d’enlèvements en Haïti.
Les enlèvements constituent une des plus grandes sources de revenus des gangs armés dans le pays. Jusqu’à date, les autorités judiciaires et policières n’arrivent pas à stopper, voire éradiquer ce phénomène qui ne cesse de plonger les familles haïtiennes dans la désolation et la tristesse. Des familles sont décapitalisées par ce fléau.
Avant 2005, la peine maximale pour les personnes, impliquées dans les actes de séquestration, était de seulement 5 ans d’emprisonnement maximal. Cependant, cette mesure est largement passée inaperçue au fil des ans, alors que le système judiciaire haïtien est devenu inactif et corrompu.
Les kidnappeurs, d’aujourd’hui, ne sont pas ceux d’hier. Leur brutalité s’est intensifiée, avec des séquestrations qui laissent souvent les otages avec des dommages physiques ou psychologiques graves, voire mortels.
La législation haïtienne, à travers la Loi du 20 janvier 2009, modifiée en 2017, sur « l’enlèvement, le rapt ou le kidnapping, la séquestration et la prise d’otage de personnes », prévoit des sanctions pénales pour les auteurs, co-auteurs et complices des cas de kidnapping. Les individus jugés coupables peuvent être condamnés jusqu’à 50 ans de prison au plus et à perpétuité, selon cette loi.
La Loi du 22 janvier 2009, qui a remplacé le décret de 2005, met en place des dispositifs pour punir les auteurs, co-auteurs et complices des actes de kidnapping. Le texte est ainsi dénommé « Loi sur l’enlèvement, le rapt ou le kidnapping, la séquestration et la prise d’otage de personnes ».
« Les individus impliqués seront punis de 30 à 50 ans de travaux forcés, ceux qui se seront emparés, par ruse ou persuasion, de gré ou de force, d’une personne quelconque, l’auront enlevée et séquestrée, en vue d’obtenir une rançon ou un avantage quelconque », stipule l’article 290 du Code pénal haïtien, modifié par la Loi du 22 janvier 2009.
Ils peuvent entre passibles jusqu’à 50 ans de prison. En cas de récidive, la peine sera celle de travaux forcés à perpétuité.
Cependant, l’inefficacité du système judiciaire haïtien complique l’application de cette peine, facilitant ainsi les bandits à continuer leurs actes en toute impunité alors que la population paie le prix de la faiblesse chronique des autorités étatiques.
Juste un clin d’œil !
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