À l’occasion du 30e anniversaire de la Police Nationale d’Haïti (PNH), célébré ce 12 juin 2025, le Centre d’Analyse et de Recherche en Droits de l’Homme (CARDH) a publié, la veille, un rapport accablant sur l’état de l’institution. Le document dresse un constat sévère : la PNH est aujourd’hui en péril, minée par la désorganisation, le sous-effectif, l’instrumentalisation politique et une gouvernance sécuritaire défaillante.
Le CARDH note une montée fulgurante de la violence des gangs, face à laquelle la PNH se révèle impuissante. L’organisation dénonce un manque de planification stratégique, une coordination déficiente et une absence criante de soutien logistique. Dans de nombreuses zones du pays, ce sont les groupes armés qui imposent leur loi, au détriment de l’autorité publique.
Depuis sa création en 1995, la PNH a vu défiler neuf directeurs dénéraux en dix ans, une instabilité qui affaiblit la continuité des politiques de sécurité. Selon le CARDH, l’institution est instrumentalisée par les pouvoirs politiques successifs, avec des décisions guidées par des intérêts partisans, au lieu de répondre aux besoins institutionnels. En guise de résultat, l’autorité hiérarchique est contestée, et l’efficacité opérationnelle gravement compromise.
Des effectifs insuffisants et mal répartis
Le rapport insiste également sur le déficit en personnel. Sur environ 10 000 agents recensés, un grand nombre est affecté à la sécurité de hauts fonctionnaires et dignitaires, tandis que les postes territoriaux manquent de policiers et d’équipements de base. Cette concentration d’effectifs dans la capitale accentue la vulnérabilité des zones rurales, abandonnées aux gangs.
Le CARDH déplore l’absence de stratégie claire de sécurité nationale. Aucune vision globale n’a été développée ces dernières années. Les partenariats internationaux sont souvent improvisés, sans cohérence ni planification à long terme. L’État reste dans une logique de réaction plutôt que d’anticipation des crises.
*Une perte de confiance et des dérives inquiétantes*
Sur le plan des droits humains, la légitimité de la PNH est également remise en cause. Le CARDH fait état d’accusations de violences extrajudiciaires, notamment contre certaines unités spécialisées. Le manque de contrôle interne favorise l’impunité, contribuant à une perte de confiance entre la population et la police, perçue davantage comme une force répressive que protectrice.
Le rapport appelle à une refonte globale de la PNH et de la politique sécuritaire nationale. Il plaide pour un pacte de sécurité négocié avec tous les acteurs concernés, accompagné d’un cadre légal modernisé, d’un leadership stable et compétent, ainsi que de la création d’un centre de commandement autonome et stratégique.
Le CARDH recommande également un audit du système de formation et de recrutement, jugeant insuffisante la formation initiale et continue des agents. La réforme des écoles de police, bloquée depuis plusieurs années, doit être relancée en urgence.
Pour le CARDH, le 30e anniversaire de la PNH ne doit pas être un moment de célébration, mais un signal d’alarme. L’institution, fragilisée par les échecs de l’État, doit être reconstruite sur des bases solides, transparentes et démocratiques. Car sans réforme, la sécurité nationale restera une promesse lointaine.
Juste un clin d’œil !
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