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Des élections dans le chaos, une mission presque impossible en Haïti

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Alors que le pays est à genoux, le Conseil Présidentiel de Transition (CPT) poursuit sa volonté d’entamer le processus électoral. Si la réalisation des élections permettra au pays d’avoir de nouveaux élus, par contre, d’aucuns pensent que la réalité du terrain rendra irréalisable cette ambition.

 

Actuellement, la majorité du territoire haïtien est sous l’emprise de groupes armés. Port-au-Prince et ses environs sont morcelés en zones de non-droit. Les axes routiers stratégiques, notamment ceux du Nord et du Sud, sont sous le contrôle des groupes armés, paralysant la circulation des biens, des services et des personnes.

Dans ce contexte, la Police Nationale d’Haïti (PNH), déjà sous-financée, manque d’effectifs, de moyens et de moral pour rétablir l’ordre. L’institution est donc débordée et parfois quasiment absente dans de vastes zones rurales et urbaines.

Au-delà des questions sécuritaires, le pays ne dispose pas, à ce jour, d’un calendrier bien défini des différentes étapes menant jusqu’au jour de l’élection. Le Conseil Électoral Provisoire (CEP) est considéré comme illégitime par plusieurs observateurs avisés. Sa composition soulève des doutes, notamment concernant le remplacement du représentant du secteur des droits humains, sans explication claire.

Que fera-t-on des zones contrôlées par des groupes armés ?

Là se trouve l’enjeu de la question, car organiser des élections requiert une planification rigoureuse. Il sera impossible, avec des gangs ayant le contrôle d’une zone, de faire parvenir du matériel électoral, de recruter puis former du personnel et de sécuriser les bureaux de vote, voire mettre en place un système de dépouillement transparent.

Dans ces zones, les services publics sont à l’arrêt et les communications régulièrement interrompues. L’intégrité du vote ne sera pas garantie, d’autant plus que ni l’État ni les journalistes n’ont réellement accès à ces zones. Lancer un processus électoral sans rétablir la confiance nationale, sans apaiser les tensions sociales ni garantir la sécurité risque d’aboutir à un scrutin dépourvu de toute légitimité. Il pourrait être rejeté ou boycotté par une large frange de la population.

Même en supposant un retour à la sécurité dans les prochains jours, il faudrait du temps pour déployer l’appareil logistique, sensibiliser les électeurs et organiser une campagne dans des conditions équitables. Cette volonté d’organiser des élections dans le contexte actuel pose question. Est-ce une initiative sincère ou s’agit-il d’une opération visant à calmer la population pour prolonger la transition ?

Juste un clin d’œil !

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