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Santé : Plus de dix ans après son apparition, le choléra reste un mystère pour la population

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Alors que les autorités sanitaires croyaient en l’éradication de l’épidémie du choléra après plus de 3 ans sans cas de cette maladie signalé en Haïti elles ont rapporté, en octobre 2022, des cas confirmés dans la zone métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince. Cette résurgence du choléra, en pleine saison cyclonique, coïncide à un contexte assez particulier marqué par la recrudescence des violences armées qui limite d’avantage l’accès au soin de santé. Ce qui est favorable à la transmission accélérée de la maladie. L’insécurité, le mode de vie et le manque d’éducation de la population sur les moyens préventifs de la maladie sont entre autres, vecteurs qui favorisent la transmission du choléra en Haiti.

 

Le choléra est une infection diarrhéique aigüe, provoquée par l’ingestion d’aliments et  d’eau contaminés par la bactérie «Vibrio Cholerae ». La periode d’incubation de cette bactérie est comprise entre 12 heures à 5 jours après avoir été contaminé . La plupart des personnes infectées ne développent aucun symptômes, mais, la bactérie est présente dans leurs fèces pendant 1 à 10 jours avant qu’elle soit rejetée dans l’environnement infectant potentiellement son entourage.

Le choléra affecte enfants et adultes et peut-être mortel s’il n’est pas traité. Il est caractérisé par une diarrhée profuse de couleur aqueuse, des nausées, des vomissements et des crampes au niveau des jambes. Cette maladie est facile à traiter. La plupart des gens symptomatiques sont traités par l’administration rapide d’une solution de rehydratation orale (sérum oral).

En raison de l’insécurité dans certaines zones de la capitale précisément à Carrefour-Feuilles,16 589 personnes issues de 3327 ménages ont dû laisser leurs maisons pour habiter en promiscuité dans des sites, où l’hygiène de vie est quasiment absente. Ils n’ont pas accès à l’eau potable, à la nourriture saine et aux kits hygiéniques, les conditions sanitaires sont déplorables. Parfois ces déplacés sont obligés de laisser leurs sites pour aller dans d’autres endroits pour des raisons sécuritaires ou personnelles. Dans certains sites, des cas de choléra ont été signalés, donc les infectés de choléra se sont déplacés ce qui favoriserait en conséquence la propagation de la maladie.

En plus de sa réapparition à Port-au-Prince, d’autres cas de choléra ont été décelés à l’Artibonite m, particulièrement à Montrouis, où au moins une dizaine de personnes sont mortes dans cette nouvelle vague pour la période allant du 1er au 5 septembre 2023. Face au manque d infrastructures  de centres de santé de la localité pour prodiguer des soins aux contaminés, les responsables communales font appel aux autorités sanitaires centrales afin de freiner la transmission du choléra dans cette section communale.

Le choléra, bien qu’il peut être traité est une maladie mortelle. De ce fait, certaines précautions peuvent être prises pour eviter d’attraper cette maladie.Telles que: boire et utiliser de l’eau potable, bien cuire les aliments, se laver les mains très souvent avec de l’eau prope et du savon, se baigner fréquemment et utilser des toilettes et des systèmes sanitaires.

Toutefois, le vaccin orale est une arme supplémentaire dans la lutte contre le choléra et peut contribuer à la diminution de la transmission.

Juste un clin d’œil !

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