Les députés français ont adopté, le jeudi 5 juin 2025, une résolution appelant le Gouvernement à reconnaître officiellement l’injustice historique de la double dette imposée à Haïti depuis 1825. Ce texte, porté par le groupe Gauche démocrate et républicaine (GDR), enjoint l’État français à envisager le remboursement de cette dette inique, fruit d’un chantage militaire imposé à la première république noire du monde. Bien que non contraignante, selon des observateurs, elle marque un tournant politique dans les relations franco-haïtiennes.
En effet, l’Assemblée Nationale française a voté cette résolution par 59 voix contre 9. Politiquement lourde de sens, elle reconnaît officiellement l’injustice historique infligée à Haïti par l’imposition de la double dette en 1825. Elle appelle le Gouvernement français à engager un processus de remboursement et de restitution.
Portée par le groupe Gauche démocrate et républicaine (GDR), composé de moitié de communistes et d’élus ultramarins, la résolution replace, au cœur du débat public, une exigence coloniale. Il s’agit de l’indemnité de 150 millions de francs or, réduite plus tard à 90 millions, imposée à Haïti sous la menace de la force armée qui servait à dédommager les colons français après l’indépendance d’Haïti.
Cette dette, que le pays n’avait pas les moyens de payer, a contraint la jeune nation à contracter des emprunts auprès de banques françaises. Elle a ensuite été remboursée jusqu’aux premières décennies du 20e siècle. Aujourd’hui, les historiens et économistes qualifient cette charge financière de véritable rançon.
Le Gouvernement français, par la voix du Ministre de la Francophonie Thani Mohamed SOILIHI, ne s’est pas opposé à la résolution. Il a rappelé que le Président Emmanuel MACRON a lancé une commission mixte d’historiens dans le cadre du bicentenaire de cette dette. Le Ministre s’en est remis à la sagesse de l’Assemblée. Il a ainsi évité de freiner un débat qui prend de l’ampleur dans la société française.
Toutefois, l’initiative a suscité des oppositions. Le Rassemblement National (RN), par la voix du député Emeric SALMON, a dénoncé une repentance infinie. Il a également mis en garde contre un précédent dangereux pouvant entraîner des demandes de réparations similaires dans d’autres contextes postcoloniaux.
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