Dans son intervention, Monsieur LAUTURE a rappelé que cette tentative de réforme constitutionnelle s’inscrit dans un long processus historique. Il a évoqué les premières pistes de réforme, dont le rapport d’Hector MOÏSE en 2007, les discussions entamées sous la présidence de René PRÉVAL en 2009, l’amendement de 2011, puis l’initiative de Jovenel MOÏSE en 2019, avec les États généraux sectoriels.
En octobre 2020, un décret de l’ex-Président MOÏSE avait institué un comité consultatif indépendant, dont le rapport a été publié en février 2021. Plus récemment, l’accord politique du 3 avril 2024 a permis de relancer le processus, menant ainsi à la création du Comité de pilotage de la Conférence nationale, le 17 juillet 2024. Ce comité travaille sur trois axes : réforme constitutionnelle, réforme institutionnelle et législative, et élaboration d’un nouveau projet de société.
Selon l’ex-parlementaire, les acteurs, qui ont mis en place le Conseil présidentiel de transition (CPT), ont adopté cette feuille de route. Il affirme que le Comité mène un processus de consultations multisectorielles, aussi bien sur le territoire national que dans la diaspora.
Parmi les propositions phares de l’avant-projet, nous pouvons citer la fusion des pouvoirs exécutifs. Le Président cumulerait les fonctions de Chef de l’État et de Chef du Gouvernement, supprimant ainsi le poste de Premier Ministre.
S’agissant de la lutte contre la corruption, l’ULCC deviendrait une institution totalement indépendante, avec plus de moyens et moins d’interférences politiques. L’inclusion des jeunes où l’âge minimum pour accéder à certaines fonctions politiques serait abaissé, afin de favoriser la participation de la jeunesse.
Concernant la revalorisation des sections communales, elles seraient élevées au rang de communes, dirigées par un seul maire, dans un souci d’efficacité administrative. L’institutionnalisation de l’opposition est aussi prise en compte dans cet avant-projet car chaque chef de parti d’opposition aurait un statut officiel et prendrait part à des instances de dialogue avec le pouvoir.
Autre volet : la rationalisation des dépenses publiques avec la réduction du nombre d’élus au niveau central et local est envisagée, pour alléger le poids budgétaire de l’État. Enfin, la décentralisation budgétaire où chaque département disposerait d’une part dédiée du budget national, dans une logique d’équité et de développement local.
Monsieur LAUTURE a insisté sur le caractère non définitif de ces propositions. Le Comité reste ouvert à l’ajout de nouvelles idées, issues des dialogues en cours. Il souligne que divers secteurs de la société haïtienne ont été consultés, lors d’assises organisées à travers les dix départements et dans la diaspora.
« Ce projet ne peut réussir que s’il est porté par toutes les composantes de la société », a conclu Franck LAUTURE, qui appelle à une large mobilisation autour de la réforme constitutionnelle.
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